We remember Woody Guthrie’s “stud buddy”, William Stetson Kennedy. Born on October 5th, 1916 in Fruits’ Cove, Florida, Kennedy was a true Southern gentleman, whose concern for people and determination to fight against oppression of any kind was destined to bring the two men together. Equal parts activist, folklorist, writer and agitator, Kennedy was an agent of change, immersed in a broad range of progressive activism that encompassed many of the social movements and events that define modern American political history.
Seemingly present wherever there was action, the “Zelig”-like Kennedy confronted injustices of all kinds. As a young man during the Great Depression, he left college to join the WPA, and later worked with Zora Neale Hurston, not only breaking color lines, but collecting and documenting Floridian folklore to produce the ground-breaking Palmetto Country (1942), a naturalists manifesto. The connections Kennedy made between the folklore of his region and the land itself established an enduring model of environmental and cultural awareness.
An early and staunch civil rights proponent, Kennedy’s hatred of racism was manifested in his efforts to expose the inner working of the Klu Klux Klan, despite the risks involved. Infiltrating it locally at its mid-century height of power, his incisive investigative journalism resulted in the controversial I Rode with the Ku Klux Klan, The Klan Unmasked (1954), a work which went as far as the halls of the U.S. Congress while gaining national notoriety for its depiction.
When, in the 1950s, Woody Guthrie sought refuge from his growing personal struggles, Kennedy provided him a writers haven on his bucolic “Beluthahatchee” estate (trans. “Land of Forgiveness”). Though Kennedy and Guthrie had met in NYC while stumping for Henry Wallace’s 1948 Progressive Party presidential campaign, their common interests, ranging from Union labor activism to anti-Jim Crow segregation, from the Popular Front to anti-Fascism movements, from collecting stories to collecting folk songs, their friendship was based on a strong mutual respect and love of people. Guthrie’s Florida “squats,” in fact, proved so productive that he composed more than 57 songs under the “Beluthahatchee” theme. Many of them evince an evolving race consciousness and appreciation of southern Blues structures (the collection of “Belathuhatchee” song lyrics is housed at the Woody Guthrie Archives). Guthrie also wrote songs for Kennedy, including the political jingle “Talking Stetson Kennedy” and the ballad “Beluthahatchee Bill”—the former appears on Billy Bragg’s Mermaid Avenue Volume II (Elektra 62522-2, 2000), the latter was composed during Guthrie’s final November 1951 visit.
“Freedom lovin’, freedom huntin’, easy ridin’ Bill;
Ya’ve hung me, ya’ve swung me,
Ya’ve beat me to your fill,
But ya’ didn’t slack my speed, not Beluthahatchee Bill!”
Having had the privilege of working with “Stets,” I recall him as an intriguing, enigmatic, thoughtful and yet lucid and transparent individual. Always ready to express his informed views, Kennedy had an infinite literary, political and cultural wellspring from which to draw. His willingness to share his knowledge and stories was only exceeded by his kindness, humor and wit. William Stetson Kennedy passed away on August 27th, 2011.
A Selected Stetson Kennedy/Woody Guthrie Bibliography
Bucuvalas, Tina. 1994. South Florida folklife / Tina Bucuvalas, Peggy A. Bulger, and Stetson Kennedy. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
Bulger, Peggy A. “Stetson Kennedy: Applied Folklore and Cultural Advocacy.” Ph. D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1992. (by Peggy A. Bulger, who assumed the directorship of the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress in 1999).
Bulger, Peggy A. “Stetson Kennedy: Folklore and the Struggle for Human Rights.” The Folklore Historian 8 (1991): 56-66.
Cray, Ed. 2003. Ramblin’ Man, The Life and Times of Woody Guthrie. New York: W.W.Norton & Company.
Cunningham, David. 2004. There’s Something Happening Here: The New Left, the Klan, and FBI Counterintelligence. Univ. of California Press.
Kennedy, Stetson. 1942. Palmetto Country. NewYork: Duell, Sloan & Pearce.
_____. 1946. Southern Exposure. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co.
_____v. 1954 (Guthrie: 267-272, 276)
_____. 1959
_____. “Way Down Upon . . . Gathering Tales of Folklife in Suwannee Country.” FHC Forum 17 (Spring/Summer 1993): 22-27.
Klein, Joe. 1980. Woody Guthrie: A Life. New York:Random House.
Terkel, Studs. 1995. “Stetson Kennedy, 77.” In Coming of Age: The Story of Our Century By Those Who’ve Lived It. New York: New Press, 391-400.
Willens, Doris. 1988. Lonesome Traveler: The Life of Lee Hayes. Lincoln and London: W.W.Norton & Company/University of Nebraska Press.